Galacto

Basemap — MOLA Color Relief NASA Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) global elevation model, colorized. Served via OpenPlanetaryMap (OPM). NASA / GSFC / MOLA Science Team / OpenPlanetaryMap

Satellite Basemap — CTX Mosaic (Murray Lab) Global Context Camera (CTX) mosaic at ~6 m/pixel, produced by the Murray Lab at Caltech. Served via Esri ArcGIS Living Atlas. NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS / Murray Lab, Caltech / Esri

High-Resolution Imagery — HiRISE Mosaic Ultra-high-resolution imagery from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), at 0.25–1 m/pixel. Covers ~3% of the Martian surface. Served via Esri ArcGIS Living Atlas. NASA / JPL-Caltech / University of Arizona / USGS / Esri

Crater Database — Robbins Global Catalog Global catalog of 384,343 Martian impact craters ≥1 km diameter. Robbins, S.J. & Hynek, B.M. (2012). A new global database of Mars impact craters ≥1 km. J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 117, E05004. doi:10.1029/2011JE003966

Sub-km Crater Database — Lagain AI Catalog AI-detected sub-kilometer crater catalog for Mars, produced using deep learning applied to CTX imagery. Used for high-resolution landing zone analytics in Jezero, Gale, and PM-1 regions. Lagain, A., et al. (2021). The Tharsis mantle source of depleted shergottites revealed by 90 million impact craters. Nature Communications. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26648-3

Thermal Inertia — THEMIS (MARSTHERM) Thermal inertia layer derived from THEMIS (Thermal Emission Imaging System) Night-IR data aboard NASA Mars Odyssey, processed using the MARSTHERM web-based thermophysical analysis system. Thermal inertia reflects surface rock abundance and is key for ISRU and landing site assessment. MARSTHERM: Putzig, N.E., Barratt, E.M., Mellon, M.T., Michaels, T.I. (2013). MARSTHERM: A Web-based System Providing Thermophysical Analysis Tools for Mars Research. AGU Fall Meeting, Abstract P43C-2023. abstract PDF
Underlying THEMIS data: NASA / JPL-Caltech / Arizona State University

Jezero High-Resolution DEM 7 m/pixel Digital Elevation Model of Jezero Crater used for precision landing analytics, processed by Casey Handmer from HiRISE stereo imagery. Casey Handmer (caseyhandmer.wordpress.com); underlying HiRISE data: NASA / JPL-Caltech / University of Arizona

Slopes Surface slope layer derived from the Mars HRSC MOLA Blended DEM Global 200 m/pixel v2. Fergason, R.L., Hare, T.M., & Laura, J. (2018). HRSC and MOLA Blended Digital Elevation Model at 200m v2. USGS Astrogeology PDS Annex. doi:10.5066/P9ZKDZT8

Subsurface Water Ice — SWIM Subsurface Water Ice Mapping (SWIM) project — probabilistic maps of near-surface water ice on Mars, based on multi-instrument orbital observations (radar, thermal, neutron spectrometry). Morgan, G.A., Putzig, N.E., et al. (2025). Subsurface Water Ice Mapping (SWIM) on Mars. Planet. Sci. J., 6, 29. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ad9b24

Topographic Contours Derived from the Mars HRSC MOLA Blended DEM Global 200 m/pixel v2. NASA / DLR / USGS / ESA

Paleolakes & Paleorivers Ancient Martian hydrological network — paleolake basins and river valley networks. Goudge, T.A., et al. (2015). Icarus, 260, 346–367. River network: Hynek, B.M., Beach, M., & Hoke, M.R.T. (2010). J. Geophys. Res., 115, E09008.

Lava Tube Caves Candidate lava tube skylights and pit craters on Mars (1,062 features), from the USGS Mars Global Cave Candidate Catalog v1. Cushing, G.E. (2015). USGS Mars Global Cave Candidate Catalog v1. USGS Astrogeology Science Center. astrogeology.usgs.gov

Place Names (Search) Mars feature names and coordinates from the official IAU/USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Planetary Names Working Group, IAU / USGS Astrogeology Science Center. planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov

Landing Zone Suitability Analytics Computed in-browser using DuckDB WASM from global MOLA elevation and slope data. Safety criteria based on NASA Mars Human Landing Site Study requirements. Global MOLA DEM: NASA / GSFC / MOLA Science Team. Landing criteria: Golombek, M., et al. (2012). Space Sci. Rev., 170, 641–737.